Every topic. Every answer.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

What are the limiting factors?

Light intensity Carbon dioxide concentration Temperature Water availability

What is respiration?

The process by which plants release energy from glucose.

Equation: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

What is osmosis?

Movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

What does Nitrogen do?

Promotes leafy vegetative growth.

What does Phosphorus do?

Promotes root growth, flowers and fruit.

What does Potassium do?

Promotes overall plant health, flowering and fruiting.

What is soil texture?

The relative proportions of sand, silt and clay particles.

What is soil structure?

The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates.

What is loam?

A balanced mixture of sand, silt and clay.

Name propagation methods.

Seed Cuttings Layering Division Grafting Budding

Why use vegetative propagation?

Produces genetically identical plants.

What is pollination?

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

Why is cross pollination beneficial?

Increases genetic diversity.

What is a plant passport?

An official label allowing traceability of plants through the supply chain.

Why are plant passports used?

To reduce spread of pests and diseases.

What is biosecurity?

Measures used to prevent introduction and spread of pests, diseases and invasive species.

Examples: Aphids Slugs Vine Weevil Whitefly Scale Insects

What is Integrated Pest Management?

Combination of cultural, biological, physical and chemical controls.

Examples: Powdery Mildew Rust Black Spot Honey Fungus Downy Mildew

What is seed compost?

Low nutrient compost used for germination.

What is peat free compost?

Compost produced without peat extraction.

How can horticulture reduce carbon emissions?

Peat-free growing Tree planting Reduced cultivation Rainwater harvesting Local production

Benefits of trees?

Carbon storage Shade Wildlife habitat Flood mitigation Tourism Improved air quality

What is a herbaceous perennial?

A plant that dies back to ground level annually and regrows from roots.

What is a woody perennial?

A plant with permanent woody stems that survive year to year.

Formal: Symmetry Straight lines Structure

Informal: Naturalistic Curved lines Asymmetry

Gertrude Jekyll: Colour harmonies Mixed borders

Piet Oudolf: Naturalistic planting Grasses Seed heads Ecological approach

What is a hazard?

Something with potential to cause harm.

What is risk?

Likelihood harm will occur.

What is PPE?

Personal Protective Equipment.

Protected Characteristics: Age Disability Gender reassignment Marriage and civil partnership Pregnancy and maternity Race Religion or belief Sex Sexual orientation

Adaptations: Aerenchyma tissue Shallow root systems Adventitious roots

Examples: Salix alba Alnus glutinosa Taxodium distichum

Adaptations: Small leaves Waxy cuticle Hairy leaves Deep roots Succulent tissues

Examples: Lavandula Rosmarinus Sedum Agave

Genus Species Cultivar

Example: Rosa canina Rosa = genus canina = species

Examples: Big Butterfly Count Big Garden Birdwatch National Plant Monitoring Scheme

Purpose: Collect environmental data Support conservation Inform management decisions